medRxiv PreprintsInternational13 November 2026
The contribution of Neanderthal ancestry to cancer risk
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Modern human genomes harbor DNA inherited from interbreeding with Neanderthals. Genetic variants inherited from Neanderthals associate with variation in many immune and metabolic phenotypes, two systems with direct relevance to cancer. However, the influence of Neanderthal variants on germline cancer risk has not been comprehensively evaluated. Here, we evaluated genome-wide association study (GWAS) hits for 17 cancer types for Neanderthal ancestry. Twelve cancers have multiple Neanderthal alleles significantly associated with variation in risk. Next, we fine-mapped these risk loci and identif
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