Artificial intelligence for pulmonary tuberculosis detection on chest X-ray images: A systematic review and diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided detection (CAD) of tuberculosis (TB) on chest X-ray (CXR) may standardize screening and triage in settings with few radiologists but its accuracy in clinical cohorts remains uncertain. We searched five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, OpenAlex, Lens.org) on 15 March 2026 for studies published between January 2020 and March 2026, and we appraised these studies using QUADAS-2. Evaluations from clinical cohorts with complete 2 x 2 data and a microbiological or composite reference standard for all participants were pooled using a biva

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