Use of AI-Related CPT Codes by Patient, Geographic, and Payer Characteristics in the U.S., 2021-2026

KEY POINTS Question: How has billed use of artificial intelligence (AI)-related CPT codes changed nationally since 2021, and how does use differ by patient, geographic, and payer characteristics? Findings: In this cross-sectional study of 11.6 billion US encounters, 2.9 per 100,000 included an AI-required CPT code. Odds of use were nearly 10 times higher in 2025 than in 2021, higher among Medicare beneficiaries, and lower among Medicaid enrollees and residents of socially vulnerable areas. Meaning: Billed AI use remains rare and uneven across payers and communities, so payment policy for AI ma

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