Associations of drinking water per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with cause-specific mortality in men with prostate cancer

Background: Over 3.5 million US men are living with prostate cancer (PCa). Certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are carcinogenic and impair cardiometabolic health. Due to comorbidities and treatment, men with PCa may be uniquely susceptible to PFAS. Objectives: To develop and validate a model for drinking water perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and study associations of each PFAS with all-cause, PCa, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in PCa survivors. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 51,289 men with

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