The effects of exercise and physical activity on gait biomechanics and pain in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To evaluate the effects of exercise and physical activity on gait biomechanics and pain in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Methods Systematic searches were performed of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases for controlled intervention studies published up to 31 December 2024. Eligible studies included adults with knee osteoarthritis undertaking exercise or physical activity compared with control group(s). Risk of bias was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist. Bayesian three-level hierarchical random-effects meta-analyses synthesised standardised mean diff

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