Sex- and Age-Specific Associations of Blood Lead Levels with Child Growth and Haemoglobin in Bangladesh: A Nationally Representative Study

Evidence on sex- and age-specific associations between lead levels and childhood growth remains limited. We analyzed 10,324 children aged 12-59 months from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2025 using survey-weighted multivariable linear regression to examine sex- and age-specific associations of blood lead level (BLL) with anthropometric measures and haemoglobin levels. The geometric mean BLL was 4.43 {micro}g/dL, and 66.3% of children had concentrations above the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) threshold ([≥]3.5 {micro}g/dL). Higher BLL was associated with

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