medRxiv PreprintsInternational10 November 2026
SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and vulnerability of human blastocysts during in vitro preimplantation development.
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Human preimplantation embryos express the SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2, TMPRSS2 and BSG (CD147) on trophectoderm (TE) cells, suggesting susceptibility to infection. Likewise, SARS-CoV-2-pseudotyped reporter viruses induced cytopathic effects in blastocysts, while the zona pellucida (ZP) appeared to confer partial protection. The impact of authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection on embryonic lineage specification and developmental competence has not been established. Here, we exposed cryopreserved human embryos, donated under ethics approval and informed consent, to authentic SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617.2, Del
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