Resting Heart Rate for Global Health Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of 566,986 Participants from the WHO STEP Surveys and the South Asia Biobank

Objective: To describe global patterns of resting heart rate (RHR) in population subgroups and over time. Methods: Observational data from WHO STEP surveys (n=363,462 participants from 76 countries, 2002-2020) and the South Asia Biobank (SAB, n=203,524 participants from four South Asian countries, 2018-2023). RHR was measured in triplicate while seated using a blood pressure cuff. Height and weight were measured using anthropometric techniques. Physical activity was self-reported and accelerometry-measured (SAB subsample, n=22,183). We describe RHR distributions by geographical region, tempora

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