Reduced serum carboxymethyllysine is independently associated with Alzheimer's disease

INTRODUCTION: Advanced glycation end products accumulate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, but the clinical significance of circulating N{varepsilon}-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) remains uncertain. We evaluated serum CML as a complementary peripheral biomarker of AD. METHODS: This observational case-control study enrolled 101 patients with clinically diagnosed AD and 91 healthy controls. Serum CML was quantified in 191 participants. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses assessed association and discrimination. A randomly selected subcohort underwent u

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