Projecting Introduction Timelines for Cholera Conjugate Vaccine and Typhoid-Cholera Conjugate Combo Vaccine: A Scenario-Based Forecasting Approach

Objective: This study aimed to project introduction timing and pathways of cholera conjugate vaccine (CCV) and combined typhoid-cholera conjugate vaccines (TCV/CCVs) in 39 low- and middle-income countries and to assess potential barriers to their routine immunization integration. Methods: Accelerated failure time models were fitted using oral cholera vaccine (OCV) introduction as a proxy for CCV adoption. Country-level estimates were standardized using observed post-WHO-prequalification introduction intervals for analogous vaccine transitions. TCV/CCV introduction timing and pathways were proj

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