Phylogeography and transmission dynamics of the 2025-2026 Utah-Arizona measles outbreak: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study

Background: Measles outbreaks are increasing in frequency globally as vaccine coverage decreases. During the 2025-26 Utah-Arizona border outbreak, identifying where and between whom transmission occurred was essential for directing control measures. However, epidemiological data alone are not sufficient to infer transmission patterns. Methods: As part of the local and state-wide outbreak investigation, we conducted amplicon-based whole genome sequencing on residual diagnostic samples from confirmed measles cases collected from June 15, 2025-April 30, 2026. We reconstructed viral dispersal acro

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