Metabolome-derived kidney function scores as prognostic readouts of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health.

Kidney disease is a rapidly growing global health concern, tightly linked to cardiovascular and metabolic disease within the recently defined cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Routine clinical assessment of kidney function primarily relies on creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRcr) which can be affected by non-renal factors and declines only after substantial kidney damage. Using data from the MetaCardis study (N=1,723), we derived metabolomic kidney function gaps (mKFGs)-the difference between metabolome-predicted eGFRcr and measured eGFRcr. A physiology-

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