Gut microbiome and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in the general population: a prospective study in five European cohorts

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is implicated in cardiovascular disease. We investigated how the gut microbiome associates with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (ACM) in a large, prospective, population-based study. The findings were tested for replication in four independent cohorts. Methods: Gut microbiome composition was assessed via shallow shotgun sequencing in the FINRISK 2002 cohort, with up to 18 years of follow-up. Associations of microbial taxa with incident MACE were investigated using

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