Displaced by a Volcano: Adolescent Well-Being in Uncertain Times in Iceland 2023-2026

Aims: The November 2023 evacuation of Grindavik, Iceland, left families facing prolonged uncertainty about return. We examined adolescent well-being before and after evacuation and changes in gaps with national peers between 2025 and 2026. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional analyses used the 2023, 2025, and 2026 Icelandic Youth Study waves, adjusting for grade, gender, and non-Icelandic background. The town's single school in 2023 provided the pre-evacuation benchmark, with models accounting for national time trends. Adolescents who moved before evacuation provided a mobility benchmark. Results

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