Beyond the 24-Hour Rhythm: Functional Principal Components of Daily Activity Residuals and Mortality in NHANES

begin{abstract} noindenttextbf{Background.} Accelerometer-derived 24-hour activity profiles are usually summarised by cosinor rhythm parameters or by functional principal component analysis (FPCA). Applied to the raw profiles, however, the leading functional components largely re-express what the cosinor already captures: activity level, rhythm strength and timing. Whether the shape of the day carries health information beyond these parameters is unclear. noindenttextbf{Methods.} We analysed adults with seven valid days of accelerometry from two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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