Bacteriological Contamination of Shared Bicycle Handlebars and Hand Hygiene Practices of Users at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Background Bacteriological surface contamination is a key pathway for pathogen transmission, with potential implications for microbial exposure. Shared bicycles at Makerere University provide sustainable transport, but frequent handling of handlebars may facilitate colonization and spread of bacteria such as E. coli. This study aimed to identify prevalent bacterial species on shared bicycle handlebars, their microbial load and antimicrobial profiles, and users' hand hygiene practices influencing contamination at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. Methods We randomly sampled 100 shared bic

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