Uncovering Distinct Phenotypes of Early Onset Heart Failure in Women

Background: Heart failure in younger women is understudied and may reflect heterogeneous pathways and risk not adequately captured by conventional classifications. We aimed to identify clinically distinct phenotypes of early-onset heart failure in women, assess their prognostic significance, and evaluate their transportability in an independent national cohort. Methods: We identified women aged 18-55 years with heart failure using electronic health record data from a large multi-hospital system. A variational deep embedding model incorporating 283 clinical features was used for unsupervised ph

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