Individualised and Time-Dependent Prediction of Recurrence After Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Resection

Introduction: Treatment strategies for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) are increasingly complex, driving interest in advanced prognostic tools. Externally validated benchmarks based on established clinical risk scores are needed to contextualise emerging models. However, existing scores remain difficult to apply and compare, because they provide categorical risk strata rather than individualised probabilities, and because model parameters are rarely published. Here, we validate and recalibrate seven established risk scores to derive individualised recurrence probabilities for future

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