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medRxiv PreprintsInternational2 November 2026

Surgical Revision of Deep Brain Stimulation After Suboptimal Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-analysis

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Background Some patients obtain less benefit than expected from deep brain stimulation (DBS) despite optimized programming. We systematically reviewed the outcomes of surgical revision in this setting. Methods Following PRISMA 2020, we searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus to October 2026 for studies of lead repositioning, replacement, added (rescue) leads or target switching performed for inadequate benefit or stimulation-related adverse effects; revision for infection or hardware failure was excluded. Outcomes were pooled with random-effects models, and certainty was rated with GRADE. Results S
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