Smaller Cortical Responses to Balance Perturbations in Parkinson's Disease with Freezing of Gait

Freezing of gait (FoG) is among the most disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with balance impairment and increased falls risk, yet remains challenging to understand due to its episodic and context-dependent nature. Altered supplementary motor area (SMA) function at rest and before self-initiated movements has been implicated in FoG; however, whether this extends to functionally relevant balance behavior is unknown. A loss of balance in response to support surface translations during standing elicits a perturbation-evoked N1 potential, an error assessment signal lin

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