Sex-specific skeletal ageing trajectories and reference centiles across vertebrae and ribs in over 78,000 patients

Background Age-related bone loss is well established, but CT attenuation trajectories across the skeleton are poorly characterised. Automated segmentation makes every bone measurable, yet site-specific trajectories, and interchangeability with the conventionally used L1, remain unclear. Methods In this retrospective multicentre cross-sectional study we analysed non-contrast torso CT performed during 2024 at nine Japanese academic hospitals in the Japan Medical Image Database. Patients aged 15-100 years with abdominopelvic coverage were eligible, one examination each. Mean attenuation of 25 ver

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