Sex, age and HIV-1 status influence complement activation against SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine Spike protein

Regulation of complement activity influences immunity and clinical outcomes of SARS-2 CoV-2 infections. Here we investigated antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and complement activity in men (age 36 to 86) and women (age 39 to 83) with (MWH, WWH) and without (MWOH, WWOH) HIV-1. Antibody responses in WWH were lower than in MWH. WWH also had negligible change in blood C3a post-immunization, whereas MWH had greater C3a levels. We investigated the levels of C5, C5a, C1-INH, factor H, and circulating immune complex-C1q (CIC-C1q) binding to understand the regulation of complement activity.

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