Serotype-structured force of infection for optimizing dengue vaccine trial design

Dengue fever, transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti, remains a major global public health threat, causing an estimated 390 million infections annually. Designing efficient dengue vaccine efficacy trials in endemic regions is challenging because transmission intensity varies across space and time, baseline population immunity is heterogeneous, and endpoint accrual depends strongly on the local force of infection (FoI). We developed a simulation framework for trial planning in endemic settings that links FoI to age-specific seroprevalence through a catalytic model and then translates FoI into s

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