Reactivating Residual Motor Circuits in Complete Spinal Cord Injury Through Mode- and Site-Specific Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Recovery after motor complete spinal cord injury (cSCI) remains limited, though spared fibers and latent neural circuits may support neuroplasticity. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) induces LTP like plasticity, however their comparative efficacy in cSCI remains unclear. We compared rTMS/ iTBS; iTBS at various sites combined with rehabilitation on motor outcomes and their underlying mechanism following cSCI. Methods: In this double blind randomized controlled trial, 37 individuals with thoracolumbar AIS-A (<3 months post injur

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