Optimized phase-targeted auditory stimulation reduces nocturnal spikes in childhood epilepsies

Interictal epileptiform discharges, so called spikes, are often strongly activated during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in childhood epilepsies. In children with pronounced spike activation during NREM - sleep, spike burden can be associated with lifelong impaired cognitive functions. This spike activation is also related to alterations in sleep oscillations, specifically slow waves and spindles, which play essential roles in brain maintenance and maturation. These observations suggest that spikes may disrupt sleep-dependent brain processes that are critical for the development of cognit

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