Multimodal Immune Profile Score (IPS) as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker for Stratifying Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Benefit in Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer and Rare Solid Tumors

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have revolutionized oncology, but identifying patients who benefit remains a challenge, particularly in populations where ICIs are not the standard of care, including microsatellite stable colorectal cancer (MSS CRC) and rare solid cancers. We evaluated real-world performance of the Immune Profile Score (IPS), a validated DNA- and RNA-based molecular signature, in these cohorts. Methods In an exploratory analysis, we analyzed two real-world cohorts: 1) MSS CRC; and 2) MSS, tumor mutational burden-low rare solid cancers treated with off-lab

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