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medRxiv PreprintsInternational9 October 2026

MATERNAL VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AND PERINATAL AND CHILD NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

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Background: Vitamin B12 is essential for one-carbon metabolism, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, and myelination, and inadequate maternal status during pregnancy may influence fetal growth and child neurodevelopment. Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal vitamin B12 status and perinatal and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials. The main outcomes were preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and cognitive/global development. For binar
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