medRxiv PreprintsInternational5 November 2026
Large Language Model-Enhanced Electronic Frailty Assessment and Prognostic Performance in Hospitalized Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Background: Electronic frailty indices (eFIs) derived from structured electronic health record (EHR) data may incompletely capture functional deficits. Large language models (LLMs) can extract frailty-related information from clinical notes, but whether improved frailty ascertainment improves prognostic performance is uncertain. Objective: To compare frailty ascertainment and prognostic performance between standard and LLM-enhanced eFIs among hospitalized adults. Design: Retrospective cohort study Participants: Adults aged 50 years or older enrolled in two studies at an academic medical center
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