Interpretable ECG manifolds link longitudinal electrical phenotypes to heart-failure risk in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) produces heterogeneous electrical phenotypes whose continuous organization, longitudinal evolution and clinical relevance remain poorly defined. We developed complementary variational-autoencoder representations to map HCM ECG morphology relative to physiological variation and characterize within-subject change. Using 5,194 normal-reference ECGs and 2,594 longitudinal visits from 650 individuals with HCM, we found that HCM overlapped the physiological manifold but extended towards its periphery, while an HCM-oriented manifold largely reorganized shared electri

This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, treatment, or program: especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or managing a health condition.