Insulin genetic clusters and clinical outcomes in Hispanics/Latinos

Increased fasting insulin reflects insulin resistance and is as a precursor to type 2 diabetes and a risk factor for kidney, heart and liver diseases and mortality. Cluster-specific fasting insulin polygenic scores (PS) characterize insulin resistance mechanisms based on insulin-related genetic associations with metabolic traits, and they have not been evaluated for liver outcomes. We calculated seven previously developed FI cluster-specific PS, including non-diabetogenic (Preserved Insulin Secretion, Elevated Insulin Secretion, Proinsulin) and diabetogenic clusters (Adiposity-driven Hyperinsu

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