Hidden overweight and adverse birth outcomes among Asian mothers in the United States, 2016-2023: a population-based repeated cross-sectional study

Background: Standard body mass index (BMI) categories may understate risk in Asian individuals. Lower Asian action points exist, but their relevance to birth outcomes is unclear. Objectives: To estimate the proportion of normal-weight Asian mothers with BMI 23.0-24.9 kg/m2 and its association with birth outcomes, overall and by Asian subgroup, and to compare Asian and White mothers. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional study of US singleton live births, 2016-2023 (National Vital Statistics System). Outcomes were hypertensive disorders, caesarean delivery, preterm birth, and low birthweight. Modif

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