Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetic patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction - real world outcomes

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs on clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods and results: In this retrospective observational cohort study, all adults with diabetes mellitus and HFrEF between 2014 and 2025 were identified. Patients treated with GLP-1 RAs were matched to controls using stratified exact matching. The primary outcome was a composite of heart failure hospitalization or all-cause mortality. Treatment effects were estimated using nonparametric bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations) to derive risk ratio

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