Global Disparities in Vaccine Reimbursement for Adults Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 120 Countries

Objective: Adults living with HIV are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable infections, yet access to recommended vaccines varies globally. We evaluated national vaccination guidelines, public reimbursement, and on-site vaccination availability across countries with different income levels. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of HIV clinicians and experts representing 120 countries. The 26-item questionnaire assessed vaccination guidelines, recommendations, public reimbursement, and on-site vaccination availability. Countries were classified according to World Bank income group.

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