Exercise reshapes cellular immunity toward anti-inflammation and diminishes CCR4 levels on LFA-1αhighCD4+ T cells in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents a multifaceted neuroinflammatory disease for which regular exercise is now recommended by many healthcare institutions. Although preclinical studies indicate robust immunomodulatory effects of exercise, evidence from human studies is lacking. In this randomized controlled trial, persons with MS (pwMS) were assigned to three months of high-intensity interval training or a passive control condition, with outcomes assessed at baseline, after intervention, and a fourweek follow-up. Additionally, a healthy matched control group was included. Besides exercise-induc

This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, treatment, or program: especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or managing a health condition.