Efficacy and Clinical Predictors of Topical NSAIDs as Bridging Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction & Objectives: Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is a primary cause of vision loss. While anti-VEGF injections are the gold standard, prolonged referral delays in primary care settings often lead to irreversible photoreceptor damage. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) as a temporary bridging therapy and to develop a new clinical scoring system to guide primary care physicians in early intervention. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify clinical predictors of responses to topical NSAIDs in DME patients, foll

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