Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions on enteric pathogen seroconversion in rural Kenya: a cluster randomised trial

Background: We evaluated whether water, sanitation, and handwashing (WASH) and nutrition interventions reduced enteric pathogen seroprevalence during the first two years of life among children in rural Kenya. Methods: We analysed the 2x2 factorial subset of the WASH Benefits Kenya cluster-randomised trial (control, WASH, nutrition, and WASH plus nutrition). Dried blood spots were collected from all children in the birth cohort after two years of intervention and at 6 and 12 months within a longitudinal substudy. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were measured using a multiplex bead assay that i

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