Effects of saffron and crocin on glycemic control: an exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Background: Saffron and its constituent crocin have been investigated as adjuncts for metabolic dysfunction. Their effects on longer-term glycemic exposure and fasting indices may differ. Objectives: To assess the effects of saffron and its constituents on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, and insulin resistance. Search methods: We searched PubMed Central on June 11, 2025, and PubMed on October 5, 2025. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials in humans comparing affron or its constituents with a control for at least four weeks and reporting a relevant glycemic outcome were

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