Diagnostic accuracy of anti-HlyE and LPS antibodies in typhoid intestinal perforation in Niger

Typhoid intestinal perforation (TIP) is a late complication of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection, and blood cultures, if available, are often negative at this stage, making etiologic confirmation challenging. In areas without access to blood culture diagnostics, TIP incidence can serve as a proxy for enteric fever burden. Antibodies against hemolysin E (HlyE) and S. Typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are promising serologic markers for typhoid, but their diagnostic utility for TIP remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of anti-HlyE and anti-LPS IgG and IgA an

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