Dense Longitudinal Multi Omics Reveals Microbial Metabolic Immune Succession During Immune Checkpoint Therapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce durable clinical responses, yet relationships among the gut microbiome, microbial function, intestinal metabolism, and host immunity remain incompletely resolved. We performed dense longitudinal multi-omics profiling of a single patient with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver during ICI therapy and sustained tumor regression. Eleven serial stool samples spanning approximately 7.3 months were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, microbial metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and stool host RNA immune profiling and aligned with serial c

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