Circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and short-term functional change in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): exploratory evidence for systemic trophic-metabolic reserve.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibit heterogeneous functional decline, potentially influenced by systemic metabolic reserve. We investigate whether circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is associated with subsequent functional change in ALS. Serum IGF-1 was measured in 37 participants with ALS and 25 healthy controls. Baseline levels were compared between groups, and across disease-duration defined progression categories. Lagged regression assessed whether prior visit IGF-1 level predicted change in Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) on the next visit, adjusting f

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