A regenerative stem cell phenotype marked by ANXA1 defines aggressive colorectal cancer biology

Background: LGR5 and ANXA1 are markers for specific intestinal stem cell states. LGR5+/ANXA1- crypt base columnar cells (CBCs) maintain homeostasis, whereas ANXA1+/LGR5- regenerative stem cells (RSCs) are present in fetal and repairing epithelium. Both states have been described in colorectal cancer (CRC), yet their clinical significance remains unclear. We aimed to determine how ANXA1 and LGR5 expression relates to molecular subtype, immune microenvironment and outcome in CRC. Methods: Dual-colour in situ hybridisation for ANXA1 and LGR5 was performed on tissue microarrays from 2163 patients

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