Use of routine clinical data in adults with chronic diseases for identifying risk of frailty: results from the UK Biobank study

Frailty assessment is increasingly recommended for risk stratification in chronic disease management, but systematic clinical screening for frailty remains difficult to implement because it is resource-intensive. We investigated whether routinely collected clinical measures could be repurposed to prioritize adults with chronic diseases for clinical frailty assessment. We conducted a prediction study using UK Biobank data. A stacked ensemble model was developed using 12 routinely and low cost measured clinical variables to predict frailty. Gain metrics were used to quantify the proportion of fr

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