Socioeconomic determinants of elevated blood lead among children aged 12-59 months in Bangladesh: a nationally representative survey

Background: Childhood lead exposure is a major global health concern. The 2025 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS7) measured blood lead in a nationally representative sample of children aged 12-59 months for the first time. Preliminary reports suggested elevated blood lead was more common in wealthier urban households, contrary to the usual assumption. Methods: We analysed 10,622 children with a valid blood lead result (10,458 with complete covariate data for regression models). Elevated blood lead was defined as >=5 ug/dL. Prevalences are survey-weighted with design-based conf

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