Machine learning predicts relapse after anti-TNF withdrawal in ulcerative colitis using rectal biopsy transcriptomics

Background There are currently no available biomarkers that predict the clinical outcome of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients after anti-TNF withdrawal. Here we developed a semi-supervised machine learning framework on RNA-seq data derived from rectal biopsies to predict relapse following anti-TNF discontinuation. Methods We included UC patients (n=136) enrolled in the prospective, randomized controlled BIOSTOP trial. Patients were assigned to a withdrawal group (stopped treatment immediately) or a maintenance group (stopped treatment after 2 years). A machine learning framework was trained on

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