Late-pregnancy immune and kynurenine signatures predict postpartum depression and brain morphology

Background: Pregnancy involves profound immune adaptations that may contribute to the development of postpartum depression (PPD); however, the relevant biomarkers and critical time window remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether third-trimester and postpartum cytokines and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites predict PPD and whether these biological signatures are related to postpartum brain morphology. Methods: Circulating cytokines and KP metabolites were assessed in 140 pregnant women during the third trimester and postpartum. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were used

This content is for informational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, treatment, or program — especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or managing a health condition.