Identifying Message "Recipes" for High Perceived Effectiveness: Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Profiles of Vaping Public Education Messages Among Young Adults Who Vape

Introduction: Vaping public education campaigns are a central prevention strategy for young adults (YAs), but message effectiveness varies widely and formative testing typically evaluates one message attribute at a time. This study examined how four perceptual dimensions, including cognitive engagement, social relevance, emotional arousal, and emotional valence, relate to perceived message effectiveness (PME), and whether multiple combinations of these dimensions correspond to similarly high PME. Methods: In a cross-sectional online message-testing study conducted from March to April 2025, 540

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