Feature-Engineering Strategies for EEG-Based ADHD Classification in Children: A Controlled Benchmark of Expert, LLM-Guided and Full-Space Comparators

EEG-based machine-learning studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are vulnerable to optimistic performance estimates when feature selection or model choice is informed by data outside the training fold. We compared expert-reconstructed, large language model (LLM)-guided and full-space feature strategies under leakage-controlled subject-level validation in a frozen cohort of 77 children (45 ADHD, 32 controls) represented by 1,185 gamma-free EEG features. Four classifiers (SVM, GMM, random forest [RF] and XGBoost) were evaluated with nested leave-one-subject-out cross-validat

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