Evaluating the Synergistic Impact of Digital Logistics Systems (eLMIS) and Financial Auditing (APTS) on Essential Commodity Availability in Ethiopian Public Healthcare Facilities: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2024/2025 National Survey

Background: Chronic pharmaceutical stock outs hinder Universal Health Coverage in Ethiopia. To address this, the Ministry of Health introduced the electronic Logistics Management Information System for inventory visibility and Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services for financial management. However, no national study has tested their combined impact. This study evaluated the individual and synergistic effects of electronic Logistics Management Information System and Auditable Pharmaceutical Transactions and Services on essential commodity availability across Ethiopian public health

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