Reduced Systemic Homeostatic and Endothelial Protective Capacity in Adolescent Major Depression: Associations with Early-Life Adversity and Clinical Phenotypes

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by neuro-immune-metabolic-oxidative stress (NIMETOX) pathways. A systems-biology approach may help elucidate how these interconnected NIMETOX disturbances relate to early-life adversity and multidimensional clinical phenomes in adolescent MDD. Objectives: This study aimed to define the peripheral metabolic, vascular, and acute-phase, oxidative, and lipid biomarker profiles of adolescent MDD and to investigate associations with ACEs and clinical phenotypes. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 80 ado

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