Methylation-associated Gene Expression (MaGE): a non-invasive, in vivo measure of cellular senescence.

Cellular senescence is a central hallmark of aging, yet its measurement in humans remains invasive, low-throughput and tissue-specific, precluding population-scale study. We developed Methylation-associated Gene Expression (MaGE) predictors: whole-blood DNA methylation proxies of p14ARF, p16INK4A and p21CIP1 expression, plus a composite score, providing the first scalable measure of senescence-marker expression. Deployed across Generation Scotland (n=18,859), MaGE yielded 45 Bonferroni-significant associations spanning 18 incident diseases and all-cause mortality. The two strongest association

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